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知識大探索

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片名:知識大探索
           The Quest for Knowledge (X)

人類一直渴望知識—無論是為了改善他們的生活環境,還是出於純粹的好奇心和追根究底的衝動。如果沒有科學發現,人類就不會以如此快的速度進化,如果沒有我們通過科學和學術獲得的知識,我們今天所知道的生活將是不可想像的,創新和新見解以越來越快的速度融入我們的生活。
Humans have always had a thirst for knowledge – whether it be to improve their lives and circumstances or out of sheer curiosity and the urge to get to the bottom of things. Without scientific discoveries, humanity would not have evolved at such a rapid pace. Life as we know it today would be unthinkable without the knowledge we gain through science and scholarship. Innovations and new insights are integrated into our lives in ever quicker succession.
 
■ 人類同理心的力量
■ 基因編輯革命性的創新技術
■ 愛的奇觀–探討愛的化學反應
■ 表觀遺傳學中邪惡之根源
■ 謊言背後的科學
■ 氣味的神秘力量
■ 人類世的地球資源省思
 
 
♦ 人類同理心的力量
   The Power of Empathy
 
 

是什麼讓人類社會化,能夠看到他人的觀點,同時仍然保持自我?我們從哪裡獲得交流、互相幫助、一起合作的樂趣?融合心理學、情感和社會神經科學方面的優質紀錄片。

同理心使人類成為社會動物,它使我們能夠設身處地為別人著想,而不會失去我們自己的自我意識,同理心既包括感受他人感受的情感能力,也包括理解他人情緒、願望和意圖的認知能力。
透過各種實驗,來自不同領域的研究人員正在研究兒童、青少年和成人的行為,以瞭解更多關於同理心的不同維度及其複雜性的資訊。使用 MRI磁振造影等成像技術,他們能夠追踪大腦中發生的事情以及哪些神經元在產生同理心方面發揮作用。

Empathy makes humans into social creatures. It allows us to put ourselves into someone else’s shoes – without losing our own sense of self. Empathy encompasses both the emotional capacity to feel what others feel, as well as the cognitive capability to understand others’ emotions, desires and intentions.
By conducting a variety of experiments, researchers from diverse fields are studying the behaviors of children, youths and adults to learn more about the different dimensions of empathy, in all of its complexity. Using imaging techniques like MRIs, they’re able to track what goes on in the brain and which neurons play a role in generating empathy.

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基因編輯革命性的創新技術
   The Gene–Editing Revolution
 
 

教育專題紀錄片開啟遺傳學革命,CRISPR-Cas9技術已廣泛應用於基礎科學、生物技術和未來療法的開發中,它開闢了一個全新的可能性領域,它將塑造我們的未來,我們可以根據自己的需要打造生命和進化嗎?它具有里程碑意義,對科學和整個社會的貢獻影響深遠。

自2012年以來,CRISPR-Cas9科技已成為全球最有效的基因組編輯技術之一,這項科技可以對植物、動物、微生物和人類細胞的基因組進行精確編輯,而且成本比大多數其他基因編輯過程低得多,其應用範圍從開發治療以前無法治癒的疾病的療法,到培育新作物,再到消滅傳播瘧疾的昆蟲。

Since its publication in 2012, the CRISPR-Cas9 process has established itself as one of the most effective genome editing technologies worldwide. The technology allows precise edits to the genome of plants, animals, microorganisms and human cells – and at a much lower cost than most other gene editing processes. The spectrum of applications ranges from the development of therapies against previously incurable diseases, to the breeding of new crops, to the possibility of exterminating insects that transmit malaria.

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愛的奇觀–探討愛的化學反應
   The Wonder of Love–Let's Get Chemical
 
 

一場穿越愛情科學的視覺之旅,包含人類最重要情感的驚人啟示和事實證明。愛是如何產生的?當我們愛一個人時,我們的思想和內心會發生什麼?與動物相比,人類的這些過程有何不同?有關激素和心跳的最新科學發現,甚至告訴我們愛什麼時候會對我們變得危險。

愛不僅僅是一種感覺,就像吃喝一樣,這是一種生存所必需的本能,也是複雜生化過程的結果,像動物一樣,人類通過氣味尋找伴侶。當母親看到並摸她的嬰兒時,她的大腦會釋放荷爾蒙催產素激素,從而促進聯繫結合,愛使人類和動物的社會共存成為可能,因為愛是最重要的生物化學,它可以影響每一個人的身體,我們真的會“相思病”。

Love is more than just a feeling. Like eating and drinking, it’s an instinct that’s essential for survival and the result of complex biochemical processes. Like animals, human beings seek out their partners through scent. When a mother sees and touches her baby, her brain releases the hormone oxytocin, which in turn promotes bonding. Love makes social coexistence possible – for humans and animals. Because love is first and foremost biochemistry, it can affect the body of each and every individual. We really can get “lovesick”.
 

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表觀遺傳學中邪惡之根源
   The Roots of Evil
 
 

科學家們一直試圖了解人類心靈的核心及其邪惡的一面,在表觀遺傳學領域科學文獻中,科學家、生物學家、心理學家和法醫精神病學家解釋在生命的不同階段(出生、童年、青春期、成年)可能導致邪惡的起源,透過“表觀遺傳記憶”是否可以治療暴力犯罪呢?

為什麼有些人會成為殺人犯?邪惡的能力從何而來?目前的研究認為這與基因、環境和個人狀況有關,研究結果顯示,邪惡可能源於這三個因素的相互作用,幾乎無法預見這種組合的爆發力,多年來對大規模殺人犯、恐怖分子和普通罪犯進行的研究有助於及時發現潜在的危險,但是,這些科學見解到底有多大用處呢?


Why do some people become murderers? Where does the capacity for evil come from? Current research believes it has to do with genes, the environment and the situation of the individual. Findings show that evil may stem from an interplay of these three factors. It is almost impossible to foresee the explosive power of this combination. Years of research carried out on mass murderers, terrorists and regular criminals can help in the timely recognition of potential danger. But just how much use is being made of these scientific insights?

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♦ 謊言背後的科學
   The Science Behind the Lie
 
 

一部針對人們為什麼撒謊的研究,小小的善意謊言使我們免於在日常生活中不斷爭吵,是和諧關係的潤滑劑,有些被認為是健康社會基礎的必要工具,而另一些則被認為具有欺詐意圖或自身利益。科學家們使用測謊儀和熱像儀來弄清楚說謊機制的實際原理。

說謊是一種高度複雜的心靈成就,可以在人類和動物身上觀察到。研究人員已經確定每個人每天都在撒謊,但是謊言什麼時候會越界進入危險境地呢?我們如何識別謊言?說謊的認知能力還包括揭露說謊者的能力。 研究人員聲稱現在可以測量謊言,是否有可靠檢測騙子的公式?

Lying is a highly sophisticated accomplishment of the mind that can be observed in both humans and animals. Researchers have determined that everyone lies every single day. But when does a lie cross the line into dangerous territory? And how do we recognize lies? The cognitive capacity to lie also includes the ability to unmask liars. Researchers are claiming it is now possible to measure lies. Is there be a formula for reliably detecting a liar?

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♦ 氣味的神秘力量
   The Secret Power of Scents
 

發現改變世界的科學,我們經常在不知不覺中被氣味誘惑,但氣味卻可以治癒我們,以我們沒有意識到的方式塑造了我們的社交互動,請別低估氣味的潛力。

氣味無處不在:我們每呼吸一次,都會吸入大量的氣味分子,它們在大腦中進行處理,並與當時的記憶一起存儲,研究專家正在研究不同氣味如何影響我們的感知,他們已經確定了某些年齡組相關聯的氣味類型:例如,香草通常與兒童相關聯。這些發現對某些行業很有價值:香水製造商用來銷售讓消費者感覺更年輕的產品,商店釋放刺激顧客逗留的氣味來提高銷售額,為公司或公共交通公司調製標誌性的企業香水。
香水也用於治療目的:它們具有提升情緒的作用,可以幫助緩解抑鬱症。事實證明,在芳香療法中使用強烈香味的精油已被證明對治療頭痛、復發性膀胱感染和傷口癒合緩慢等疾病有效,他們甚至可以對抗細菌,而癌細胞也有氣味感受器,會減慢它們的生長速度。

Smells are everywhere: With every breath we take, we inhale a multitude of scent molecules. They are processed in the brain, which stores them together with memories of the current moment. Researchers are exploring the way different smells influence our perception. They have already established the type of scents we associate with certain age groups: Vanilla is often associated with children, for example. Such findings are valuable to certain industries: perfume manufacturers use olfactory associations to sell products that make consumers feel younger. Marketing companies help shops boost profits by releasing scents on the sales floor that encourage customers to linger. And they compose signature corporate fragrances for firms or even public transportation companies.
Fragrances are also used for therapeutic purposes: They have a mood-lifting effect that can help alleviate depression. The use of strongly scented essential oils in aromatherapy has proved effective in the treatment of ailments such as headaches, recurring bladder infections and slow-healing wounds. Recent research is even being done to learn the effectiveness of such oils to treat various types of cancer.

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♦ 人類世的地球資源省思
   The Anthropocene
 
 

一部關於氣候變遷全球暖化的得獎紀錄片,匯集過去和現在來描繪人類活動對地球造成巨大而迅速的變化,並試圖了解我們的未來有哪些選擇?讓科學正式開啟地球新紀元:人類世,人類世給了我們一個機會反思我們的企圖心。

自從工業化開始以來,人類以越來越快的速度消耗越來越多的資源,改變了地球,以至於一些頂尖科學家將當前新的地質時代描述為人類世。人類的影響使許多自然週期失去步調,影響的總程度相當於毀滅性的隕石撞擊或超級火山爆發,導致了遠古時代物種的大規模滅絕。如果人類能够透過他們的行為造成這種災難性後果,那麼也應該有可能透過改變這些行為來減輕後果,許多科學家一致認為,僅靠技術進步是不可能的,而只能以深刻的社會變革來實現。

Since the start of industrialization, man has consumed ever-increasing amounts of resources at an ever-accelerating rate, changing the planet to such an extent that some scientists now speak of a new geological epoch: the Anthropocene. Human influences have thrown many natural cycles out of sync. The total extent is comparable to the effects of devastating meteorite impacts or super-volcanic eruptions that led to mass extinctions of species in distant eras. If humans are able to cause such cataclysmic consequences by their actions, it should also be possible to mitigate the consequences by changing those actions. Many scientists agree that this will not be possible by way of technological progress alone but only through profound social changes.

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